S. A. Moore Brookshire, “Utilizing Stoic Philosophy to Improve Cognitive Behavioral Therapy”, NC Perspectives 1 (2007), 30-36.
R. W. Montgomery, “The Ancient Origins of Cognitive Therapy: The Reemergence of Stoicism”, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 7 (1993), 5-19.
C.S. Peirce, "The Three Normative Sciences" (30 April 1903) CP5:120-50, EP2:196-207.
ARISTOTLE'S ETHICS
TABLE OF VIRTUES AND VICES
SPHERE OF ACTION OR FEELING | EXCESS | MEAN | DEFICIENCY |
---|---|---|---|
Fear and Confidence | Rashness (thrasutes) | Courage (andreia) | Cowardice (deilia) |
Pleasure and Pain | Licentiousness/Self-indulgence (akolasia) | Temperance (sophrosune) | Insensibility (anaisthesia) |
Getting and Spending (minor) |
Prodigality (asoltia) | Liberality (eleutheriotes) | Illiberality/Meanness (aneleutheria) |
Getting and Spending (major) |
Vulgarity/Tastelessness (apeirokalia/banausia) | Magnificence (megaloprepeia) | Pettiness/Stinginess (mikroprepeia) |
Honour and Dishonour (major) |
Vanity (chaunotes) | Magnanimity (megalopsychia) | Pusillanimity (mikropsychia) |
Honour and Dishonour (minor) |
Ambition/empty vanity (philotimia) | Proper ambition/pride | Unambitiousness/undue humility (aphilotimia) |
Anger | Irascibility (orgilotes) | Patience/Good temper (praotes) | Lack of spirit/unirascibility (anorgesia) |
Self-expression | Boastfulness (alazoneia) | Truthfulness (aletheia) | Understatement/mock modesty (eironeia) |
Conversation | Buffoonery (bomolochia) | Wittiness (eutrapelia) | Boorishness (agroikia) |
Social Conduct | Obsequiousness (areskeia) / Flattery (kolakeia) | Friendliness (philia) | Cantankerousness (dyskolia/dyseris) |
Shame | Shyness (kataplexis) | Modesty (aidos) | Shamelessness (anaischuntia) |
Indignation | Envy (phthonos) | Righteous indignation (nemesis) | Malicious enjoyment/Spitefulness (epichairekakia) |
Virtues and Vices: Aristotle
Virtues and Vices: Confucius
mercy/humanity/benevolence/compassion (ren) 仁慈
righteousness (yi) 义
propriety (li) 礼
wisdom (zhi) 智慧
trustworthiness (xin) 诚信
courage (yong) 勇气
filial piety (xiao) 孝顺
uprightness (zhi)